It has been shown that white coats wore by Medical staff which thought to bring authority and distinction to the medical profession becoming a source of nosocomial transmission of pathogenic microorganisms. In this study we evaluate the different kinds of microorganisms and their intensity present on the white coats of doctors and paramedical staff. In this study we used 100 more than 15 days unwashed white coats which were used and hanged in hospital environment and 100 washed within 15 days and not placed in hospital. The aim of this study was to assess the risk of transmission of pathogenic microorganisms by wearing coats of Doctors and paramedical staff in a hospital environment as well as a comparison of microbial load also being studied between unwashed & home laundered white coats. In this Cross sectional analysis samples were taken through moist swabs from two different areas of the white coat (Pocket and Sleeves) wearing by doctors and lab staffs in different hospital in Karachi, Pakistan. Sample processed in the Microbiology department at Jinnah University for Women according to standard procedures. It was observed that unwashed sleeves and pockets of coats were highly contaminated areas. Bacteria were isolated from the collected samples. In gram positive bacteria 70% Staphylococcus aureus and 30% Staphylococcus coagulase negative bacteria were isolated. In gram negative bacteria 35% Klebsiella, 10% E.coli, 10% Enterobacter, 10% Shigella and 5% Salmonella were isolated while 30% show no growth.

Keywords: White coat, Nosocomial infection, Bacterial contamination, non-clinical areas.

To cite this article:  Hamid, M., Nawaz, B., Afshan, N., 2016. White Coats: A Possible Source of Nosocomial Infections. PSM Biol. Res., 01(1): 01-05.

The purpose of the present study was to determine the prevalence of angina pectoris in relation to various risk factors. One hundred cases of various types of angina pectoris in two hospitals of Narowal had been analyzed to determine the relative occurrence and incidence of angina pectoris, and effects of various risk factors using questionnaire. The analysis showed that silent angina pectoris were more prevalent (79%, n=79/100), and painful angina pectoris were less prevalent (21%, n=21/100). About 56% cases reported; belong to the age class 41-60 years with a higher incidence of silent angina pectoris. Angina pectoris is more prevalent in females (65%) as compared to males (35%). In relation to various risk factors, silent angina pectoris is the most prevalent. The mortality rate in this sample due to angina pectoris is 12%. All these factors contribute to the development of angina pectoris but only one of them may be responsible for its cause. The increasing importance of angina pectoris as a cause of morbidity presents a challenge. Therefore an active effort must be made to confirm or deny diagnosis.

Keywords: Silent angina pectoris, painful angina pectoris, mortality rate, risk factors, prevalence.

To cite this article:  Iqbal, M.N., Ashraf, A., Yunus, F.N., Muhammad, A., Alam, S., Xiao, S., Ali, S., Irfan, M., 2016. Prevalence of Angina Pectoris in relation to various risk factors. PSM Biol. Res., 01(1): 06-10.

 

 

 

 

The purpose of our study was to differentiate the varieties of wheat depending on their morphological traits relating to yield and to estimate those factors which are responsible for the highest yield plant -1. The 26 different types of local wheat varieties were grown in the field conditions of Hazara University Mansehra, seeded in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 3 replications. Some of the Morphological traits were significant namely, spike length, flag leaf area, awn length, grains per spike,  spikelets per spike, number of tillers, peduncle length, grains weight, and grain yield but others were non-significant such as, leaf angel, days to headings, days to maturity, plant height and harvest index. Kaghan-93 (7.77g plant-1) was seen to be the highest production of yield and was observed best within 26 varieties. Factors examination exposed 5 essential factors that estimated 73.24% of the total differences, depending on principal component processes. One of these was awn length that seems to be 18.83% in the direction of the yield. While the second and third component were (16.38%) and (14.53%) for yield component and plant architecture respectively. The fourth factor was the growth factor which was estimated upto 12.86% and maturity parameters was 10.26%. Depending on these factors selection will be conducive to use highest yield genotypes and are suggested for further crop renovation programs.

Keywords: Wheat, morphological traits, varieties, harvest, parameters.

To cite this article: Kamran, M., Inamullah, Iqbal, M.S., 2016. Yield Performance and Factor Analysis for Superior Cultivars Identification in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). PSM Biol. Res., 01(1): 11-15.

 

Weeds have an essential economic impact on crops. By competing for resources such as nutrients, water and light, wheat yield decreased approximately ten percent each year. Deprived of weed control, crop yields can be expressively a bridged. Commonly shown that weeds show slow harvest and increase combine repair costs. Some herbicides afford excellent control on broadleaf weed with small or no damage of wheat. Injury varies with variety, growth stage and herbicide. Until on the basis of sensitivity of herbicide there is no any type of research has been conducted on many of the varieties planted. Exclusively this review inspects the field problems of weeds from the chemical point of view. Buctril Super 60EC, Lihua, Ally max and Wheat Star have been studied in populations of herbicide selection and have therefore been selected as vital for this review. A lot of herbicides suggested to control of broadleaf weeds in wheat are Affinity Broad Spec (tribenuron + thifen sulfuron), Buctril super 60 % EC, Logoran Extra, Starane-M, Agility SG (Metsulfuron dicamba + Tribenuron + Thifensulfuron), Ally XP (metsulfuron), 2,4-D, Banvel (dicamba), Bristle 69 EW, Amber (triasulfuron), Curtail (2,4-D + clopyralid), Harmony Puma super 69EW, Topik 15WP, Safener15WP, Certain 80WD and Tremor 24EC. On the basis of exceptional control of broadleaf weeds estimated Bromoxynil, Pyrasulfotoleis and another tool to control ALS-inhibitor resistant weeds. Current studies were started to find out the most effective and economical herbicide and their rates to control broad leaved weeds in wheat.

Keywords: Broad-leaved weeds, Post-Emergence Herbicides, Rainfed.

To cite this article:  Asad, M., Iqbal, M.N., Ashraf, A., Mahmood, Z., Arshad, A., Raza, U., Kashif, M., 2016. Effect of Post-emergence Herbicides to Control Broad-leaved Weeds in Wheat Under Rainfed Conditions. PSM Biol. Res., 01(1): 16-21.